不同栽培基质对设施樱桃番茄生长发育及品质的影响

Effects of Different Substrates on Growth and Quality of Cherry Tomato in Greenhouse

[目的]探讨不同栽培基质对设施樱桃番茄生长发育及品质的影响。[方法]以樱桃番茄粉贝贝为试验材料,研究4种不同栽培条件对樱桃番茄生长发育、产量和品质的影响。[结果]3种基质配方条件下,樱桃番茄的长势及果实品质均优于土壤栽培。其中菌渣、兔粪及骨粉等混合发酵基质∶土壤=3∶1(处理(2))栽培效果最好;其次是菌渣、兔粪及骨粉等混合发酵基质∶土壤=4∶1(处理(3))栽培;再次是菌渣、兔粪及骨粉混合发酵基质∶土壤=1∶1(处理(1))栽培;土壤栽培(对照)效果最差。与对照相比,处理(2)栽培条件下,樱桃番茄的株高、茎粗、叶长和叶宽分别增加6.75%、12.38%、13.70%、11.73%;平均单果重、单株果数、产量分别增加15.00%、13.87%、30.98%;果实可溶性糖含量、V_C含量、可溶性蛋白含量分别增加12.78%、11.81%、14.84%,硝酸盐含量降低32.59%。[结论]该研究为新基质的推广应用提供理论基础。

[Objective]To investigate the effect of different culture mediums on growth and quality of cherry tomato.[Method]Cherry tomato named Fenbeibei was chosen to study the physiological and biochemical characteristics of cherry tomato with four different cultivation conditions.[Result]The growth and quality of cherry tomato under the condition of three kinds of substrates were better than that of soil cultivation.The mushroom residue,rabbit manure and powder mixed fermentation matrix∶soil=3∶1(treatment②)was the best cultivation effect;the second better was fungus dreg,rabbit manure and powder mixed fermentation matrix∶soil=4∶1(treatment③).The third was fungus dreg,rabbit manure and powder mixed fermentation matrix∶soil=1∶1(treatment①).Soil cultivation(CK)effect was the worst.Compared with CK,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf length and leaf width under the condition of treatment②increased by 6.75%,12.38%,13.70%,11.73%;The average yield per plant,total yield and fruit number per plant increased by 15.00%,13.87%,30.98%;The content of soluble sugar,V C and soluble protein of fruit increased by 12.78%,11.81%and 14.84%respectively,while the nitrate content decreased by 32.59%.[Conclusion]The study provides the theory basis for the application and extension of the new substrate to the cultivation of tomato.