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限制性心肌病的精准医疗之路 被引量:1

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摘要 限制型心肌病是一种罕见的心脏疾病,以舒张功能异常为特征,表现为限制性充盈障碍。WHO的定义:以单或双心室充盈受限,舒张期容积缩小为特征,但心室收缩功能及心室壁厚度正常或接近正常,可出现间质的纤维增生。限制型心肌病可单独出现,也可与其他疾病同时存在[1]。由于心室充盈受限,心室舒张压、肺静脉压和颈静脉压均升高,限制型心肌病在临床上表现为体循环或肺循环淤血的症状及体征,如气促、呼吸困难、水肿和腹胀等;由于心室充盈减少,心输出量降低,患者可以表现为乏力、运动耐量下降等。常见的体征包括血压偏低、脉压差减小、颈静脉怒张、Kussmaul征阳性,还可能伴有心律失常,异常心音及二、三尖瓣收缩期反流性杂音等。随着疾病进展,患者最终发展为心力衰竭,预后很差,在儿科病例中尤其。心脏移植通常是唯一的治疗方法。猝死在限制型心肌病的儿童患者中常见,约50%的患儿平均生存率仅为2年[2-5]。
作者 李新立
出处 《心电与循环》 2018年第2期77-79,82,共4页 Journal of Electrocardiology and Circulation
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