摘要
The oxygen evolution reaction(OER)plays an important role in the development of energy conversation and storage technologies including water splitting and metal-air batteries,where the development of electrocatalysts is paramount.In this study,cobalt-nickel phosphide/N-doped porous carbon polyhedron electrocatalysts(CoNiP/NC)were prepared by a facile two-step carbonization method and subsequent phosphorization calcination in an Ar atmosphere using cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate frameworks(ZIFs)as precursors.Among the electrocatalysts obtained by controlling the carbonization and phosphorization temperature,the CoNiP/NC700 catalyst,where 700 refers to the calcination temperature(°C),exhibited superior electrocatalytic activity for the OER with an onset overpotential of approximate 220 mV and an overpotential of approximate 300 mV in alkaline solution at a current density of 10 mA/cm2.The CoNi/NC and Co/NC Samples were also tested for comparison and CoNiP/NC exhibited the better electrocatalytic activity at all the temperatures tested.The superior electrocatalytic activity of the phosphorization hybrid material can be attributed to the superior synergistic effect of Co,Ni,P and C due to their strong electron coupling interactions.The interconnected amorphous carbon anchored the active Co compounds to avoid aggregation and maintained conducting channels for electron transfer.The composite electrocatalyst prepared herein is a promising candidate for use in electrocatalytic OERs.
析氧反应(OER)在能量转换和储存技术中扮演着重要角色,例如在水分解和金属空气电池中,电催化剂的发展是主要任务.本文采用钴基的类沸石咪唑酯骨架结构材料(ZIFs)作为前驱体,在氩气保护气氛下,成功制备了氮掺杂钴镍磷多孔碳多面体电催化剂(CoNiP/NC).首先,采用ZIF-67作为前驱体,将ZIF-67和六水合硝酸镍按照一定比例在乙醇溶液中搅拌30 min,达到掺杂镍的目的,然后将其在不同温度下煅烧,得到的样品在300 oC氩气保护气氛下磷化,得到最终产物.所有电催化剂均通过控制碳化和磷化作用温度获得.通过对样品ZIF-67Ni进行EDS分析,证明镍成功负载到ZIF-67上,XPS结果也证明了这一点.由扫描电镜图可以看出,前驱体ZIF-67在负载Ni之后,样品表面形貌发生明显变化,表面变得粗糙,有明显的条文.磷化后样品的XRD结果说明磷化方法是成功的,同时XPS结果表明样品中有P元素存在.从扫描电镜图片可以明显看出,样品在煅烧之后表面形貌发生明显变化,由棱角明显变为表面粗糙,但是并未发生明显的团聚现象.XPS显示,样品CoNiP/NC700(700指煅烧温度(oC))中存在钴、镍、磷、碳、氮、氧这六种元素,另外还分析了其高分辨图.结果显示,电催化剂CoNiP/NC700表现出优越的电催化效率,在碱性溶液的电流密度10 mA/cm^2条件下,其开路电压约为220 mV,过电位约为300 mV.掺杂镍之后的样品性能比煅烧ZIF-67的样品好,说明镍对于提高析氧反应效率有益;同样,磷化之后样品的OER性能也有所提高.相比较而言,对于磷化之后的样品,煅烧温度是700℃时,OER催化效率最好.磷化杂化材料优越的电催化活性是由于其强的电子耦合相互作用而产生的协同效应,在镍、磷、碳等方面具有较强的协同效应.相互联系的非定形碳不仅固定了活性碳化合物以避免聚集,而且还为电子转移提供了传导通道.对样品CoNiP/NC700进行了稳定性测试,结果表明其稳定性较好,在循环10 h之后,活性仅下降了4%.这一研究表明,该复合电催化剂可能是电催化氧化反应的一个很有前景的候选催化剂.
基金
国家自然科学基金(51204143,51334004)
福建省科技创新平台(2006L2003).
