生态环境大数据发展现状与趋势

Current status and development trend of eco-environmental big data

随着大数据时代的到来生态环境大数据给生态环境领域研究带来了新的机遇与发展。本文回顾了生态环境大数据在收集、监测、分析与应用方面的发展现状。虽然生态环境大数据研究相对于其他领域起步较晚,但是目前正处于蓄势待发的状态。生态环境大数据研究未来的发展趋势为:一、建立数据共享机制;二、需要跨区域的不同监测站点甚至不同观测网络进行联合观测与研究,建立从样地到区域甚至到全球多尺度的、系统的观测与研究,并且应该推进观测的标准化和规范化,进一步统一不同生态环境观测网络的观测标准,建立国际统一的观测标准和规范;三、需要开发针生态环境对大数据的统计分析软件,尤其应该重视地理信息技术与统计分析技术的结合,特别是过程模型与大数据的结合。最后,虽然生态环境大数据的应用研究相对薄弱但未来的发展空间是巨大的,未来生态环境大数据的应用主要应该体现在生态环境资源管理、生态环境动态监测、生态环境评价等方面。

With the coming of the big data age,the eco-environmental big data brought new opportunities and development in ecological research.This paper reviewed the current status of eco-environmental big data including data collection,onsite monitoring,data analysis and applications.Although the research on eco-environmental big data started later than in other fields it has a great potential in the future.The development trend of eco-environmental data in the future includes:1).Establishment of data sharing mechanisms;2).standardizing and normalizing observation methods and techniques to promote collaborative research at regional and global scales;3).Developing new software for the analysis of big data by combining geographic information technologies with statistical analysis tools,especially the combination of process models with various data sources.Finally,although the application of eco-environmental data is relatively limited,the development in the future is tremendous.The application of eco-environmental data would be mainly reflected in the eco-environmental resources management and the evaluation of ecological and environmental assets.