经营规模、地权期限与跨期农业技术采用——以秸秆直接还田为例

The Scale of Operation, Term of Land Ownership and the Adoption of Inter-temporal Agricultural Technology:An Example of “Straw Return to Soil Directly”

本文基于农户时间偏好和受益不确定性构建了一个农户跨期农业技术采用行为分析框架,着重讨论规模户与小农户跨期农业技术采用行为的差异,并利用中国4省679户农户调查数据进行了实证分析。研究表明:不同规模农户秸秆直接还田技术采用行为的差异显著;规模户因其量级效应较大,资本禀赋较丰富,时间偏好程度较低,对未来收益较敏感,贴现率也较低,因而较倾向于采用秸秆直接还田技术;不过,对于规模户,较短的地权期限影响其技术受益,对其采用秸秆还田技术行为有抑制作用。政府需对不同规模农户采取不同方式激励他们采用秸秆直接还田技术,较长的地权期限对规模户的意义较大,而激励小农户采用秸秆直接还田技术可能更需借助补贴或惩罚等政策手段。

Based on time preference and benefit uncertainty,this article constructs a behavioral analytical framework of inter-temporal agricultural technology,and discusses the difference in inter-temporal agricultural technology adoption behaviors between small-scale farmers and large-scale farmers.The analysis is made based on data of straw returning collected from 679 households in 4 provinces of China.The findings show that farmer households with different scales in the operation have different adoption behaviors.Owing to a magnitude effect and their capital endowments,large-scale farmers are more sensitive to future earnings,have a lower discount rate,and are more inclined to use straw returning directly.But for large-scale farmers,shorter term of land ownership affects the benefits of technology adoption,and has an inhibiting effect on straw returning directly.The study suggests that the government should encourage farmers to return straw directly in different ways.Longer term arrangements of land ownership could be important for large-scale farmers,and measures such as subsidies or punishments may be effective for small-scale farmers.