新中国成立后苏联对华援助研究现状及思考

The Present Situation and Thinking of the Soviet Union's Aid to China After the Establishment of New China

随着中外档案的解密以及新资料的不断涌现,学界有关苏联对华援助的研究愈加深入。以援助的不同领域为界,大致可做如下分类:以"一五"计划和"156项"工程为重点的经济援助研究;围绕教育制度改革、创建新型高校展开的教育援助研究;以中苏科技合作协定的签订与落实为主的科技援助研究;以军事技术装备及核武器研发为主的军事援助研究;其他领域的援助研究。研究中主要涉及以下问题:苏联对华援助的动因分析;苏联对华援助对新中国政治、经济等方面产生的影响;苏联援助中止的原因。从总体上看,仍有必要在现有研究基础上进一步拓宽、深入和完善。

With the decryption of Chinese and foreign archives and the continuous influx of new materials, the study of the Soviet Union's aid to China is becoming more and more profound in the academic circle. At present, the research on this issue is mostly about different fields of aid which can be categorized as follows: the study of economic aid focused on "The First Five-year Plan" and "156 projects", the study of education aid involved with the reform of education system and the establishment of new colleges and universities, the study of science and technology aid based on the sign and implementation of Sino-Soviet Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement and military aid study based on military technology equipment and nuclear weapons research and development. Aid research in other fields mainly involves the following issues: the motivation and cause analysis of the Soviet Union's aid to China, the impact of the aid on China's political, economic and other aspects and the reason for the termination of the Soviet Union's aid. In general, it is necessary to further deepen and improve on the basis of existing research.