入侵植物提取物的杀虫活性分析与安全评价

Insecticidal Activity Analysis and Safety Evaluation of Extracts from Invasive Plants

为了进一步分析入侵植物提取物的杀虫活性,以入侵本地的12种植物为材料,利用药膜、熏蒸、趋避等方法,研究其乙醇提取物对仓储害虫绿豆象的触杀、熏蒸和趋避活性。模拟药膜法,评价其对仓储种子萌发的影响。结果显示,阿拉伯婆婆纳乙醇提取物的触杀活性最高,其24 h LC50为1 329μg/m L;24 h阿拉伯婆婆纳和48 h球序卷耳提取物的熏蒸活性较好,其LC50分别为45 mg/L和54 mg/L;6 h后,高浓度的阿拉伯婆婆纳提取物和低浓度田野水苏提取物具较好的趋避活性,而高浓度的断续菊提取物和低浓度的细叶旱芹提取物具备较好的引诱效果。萌发抑制实验显示,当提取物浓度为25.6 mg/m L时,阿拉伯婆婆纳、一年蓬、裸柱菊、野老鹳草提取物对绿豆萌发抑制率均较高。结果表明,阿拉伯婆婆纳、细叶旱芹、球序卷耳、田野水苏等植物乙醇提取物值得进一步研究。安全评价实验揭示,提取物杀虫要考虑仓储对象的用途。

In order to further analyze the insecticidal activity of invasive plant extracts,the methods of dry film bioassay,fumigation and aversion were used to study the contact,fumigation and repellent activity of ethanol extract to storage pests Callosobruchus chinensis,based on 12 kinds of local invasive plants.Their effects on seed germination were evaluated by simulating the dry film bioassay.The results showed that the extract of Veronica persica has high contact activity with LC50 1 329μg/mL in 24 h The extract of Veronica persica and Ceratium glomeratum exhibited pronounced fumigant activity with LC50 45 mg/L in 24 h and 54 mg/L in 48h respectively.Extract of Veronica persica with high concentration and Stachys arvensis with low concentration had good repellent activity,extract of Sonchus asper with high concentration and Cyclospermum leptophyllum with low concentration had good better lure effect.Germination inhibition results showed that when the concentration of the extracts of 25.6mg/mL,the extracts of Veronica persica,Erigeron annuus,Soliva anthemifolia and Geranium carolinianum have higher germination inhibition rate on mung bean.These results show that ethanol extract of Veronica persica,Cyclospermum leptophyllum,Ceratium glomeratum,Stachys arvensis need further study to provide the foundation for developing botanical pesticides.Safety evaluation reveals that using the extracts to control pests should consider the use of storage objects.