新形势下渝东南地区颅脑创伤的流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological Investigation of Craniocerebral Trauma in the Southeast of Chongqing under the New Situation

目的调查分析新形势下渝东南地区颅脑创伤的流行病学特征,为颅脑损伤的预防和救治提供理论基础。方法重庆黔江民族医院神经外科将对2016年6月—2017年6月收治的648例颅脑创伤患者进行包括性别、年龄、文化程度、职业、地点以及受伤原因等内容的前瞻性流行病学调查及统计分析。结果共收集到648例颅脑创伤患者资料,通过资料分析整理,其中男女比例为3.6:1,平均年龄为(39.12±18.34)岁,高发于20~59岁;发病人群从高到底依次为:农民346例(53.40%)、工人107例(16.51%)、学生及儿童136例(20.99%)、其他59例(9.10%);文化程度主要为中学293例(45.22%)和小学251例(38.86%),大专及以上为36例(5.65%),其余66例文化程度不详(10.24%);颅脑创伤的主要发生地点为公路194例(30%)、家中95例(14.64%)、公众场所181例(27.86%),主要致病原因为交通伤280例(43.20%)、高处坠落66例(10.18%)、击打伤95例(14.66%)、平地跌伤177例(27.31%),合并伤主要为颌面部伤128例(39.50%)、四肢70例(21.605%)、体表54例(16.66%),创伤严重程度以轻型(50.61%)为主。颅脑创伤患者平均住院费用为150 33元,平均住院天数12.5 d,受伤后接受就诊时间平均为14 h,颅脑创伤患者治愈率为(84.25%),重残率(2.0%)。住院颅脑创伤住院患者的死亡率为0.77%。结论新形势下渝东南地区颅脑创伤在年龄、文化程度、职业、地点以及受伤原因等分布上具有一定规律,其中尤以文化程度较低的中青年为主要发病群体,因此要有针对性的对相关人群进行颅脑创伤的预防及干预,特别是进行对交通意外事件和公共场所的预防工作,来达到对颅脑创伤的预防及控制。

Objective This paper tries to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of craniocerebral trauma in the southeastern Chongqing area under the new situation,and to provide the theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of craniocerebral injury.Methods The Department of Neurosurgery of Qianjiang National Hospital has conducted a prospective investigation and statistical analysis of epidemiology of 648 cases of brain trauma admitted from June 2016 to June 2017,including gender,age,educational level,occupation,location and cause of injury.Results A total of 648 cases of traumatic brain injury were collected and analyzed by data analysis.The ratio of male to female was 3.6:1,and the average age was(39.6±18.34)years old,high incidence accurred between 20 to 59 years old;the incidence of people from highest to the lowest were:346 cases of farmers(53.40%),107 cases of workers(16.51%),136 cases of students and children(20.99%),others in 59 cases(9.10%);as for the education level,293 cases of middle school(45.22%)and 251 cases of primary school(38.86%),36 cases of college and above(5.65%),and the remaining 66 cases were unknown(10.24%).The main place of craniocerebral trauma for highway 194 cases(30%),95 cases(14.64%)in the public places,181 cases(27.86%),the main cause of 280 cases of traffic injury(43.20%),falling in 66 cases(10.18%),95 cases(14.66%)by direct hit,fall on the ground in 177 cases(27.31%),mainly for the injuries of maxillofacial injury in 128 cases(39.50%limbs),70 cases(21.605%),(16.66%),54 cases of skin injury severity to light(50.61%).The average hospitalization cost was 15 033 yuan,the average length of hospital stay was 12.5 days,the average waiting time was 14 hours after injury,the rate of cure for traumatic brain injury was 84.25%and the severe disability rate was 2.0%.The mortality rate of hospitalized patients with traumatic brain injury was 0.77%.Conclusion In the new situation,the traumatic brain injury in the southeastern Chongqing area has some regularity in the distribution of age,educational level,occupation,place and cause of injury.Among them,especially young people with low educational level are the main disease groups.The prevention and treatment of traumatic brain injury in the relevant population should be carried out,especially the prevention of traffic accidents and in the public places,so as to achieve the prevention and control of traumatic brain injury.