碳纤维增强复合材料应力检测技术

Stress Testing Techniques for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites

碳纤维增强复合材料在制备、加工到装配、服役过程中,由于热膨胀不匹配等原因会导致材料内部出现分层、裂纹等缺陷,这些缺陷往往使材料处于一定的应力状态。这些应力状态有些对结构有益,而大多会使分层、裂纹等缺陷加剧进而造成结构强度和稳定性的大幅下降,在结构设计过程中必须充分认识有害的残余应力。精确快速地检测复合材料所处的应力状态,对于准确评估结构的强度、稳定性和使用寿命至关重要。总结了有损和无损应力检测技术的研究现状,并通过分析不同检测方法的优势与不足,指出了今后碳纤维增强复合材料应力检测研究工作的发展趋势。

In the process of laying,machining,assembling and servicing,there will be many defects in the interior of carbon fiber reinforced composites resulting from different thermal expansion coefficients in different components.These defects such as delamination and cracks will make composites in a certain stress state.Although these residual stresses are beneficial for structure sometimes,they also can weaken the strength and stability of structure by aggravating delamination and cracks in most time.So,it is necessary for recognizing the harmful residual stress when design the structure.Meanwhile,it is meaningful for assessing the strength,stability,and service life of the structure if the stress state in composites could be measured quickly and accurately.In the present paper,the current situation of destructive and nondestructive stress testing technologies is summarized respectively.Accor-ding to the advantage and disadvantage,the developing tendency for stress testing on carbon fiber reinforced composites of each me-thod is put forward respective.