金属选区激光熔化的研究现状

Research Progress on Selective Laser Melting of Metal

金属3D打印是目前增材制造技术中最具发展潜力和最前沿的技术。选区激光熔化(SLM)是金属3D打印的重要分支,在传统方法无法制造的复杂异型结构件及工件制造的快速响应上具有极大优势,可解决传统方法加工过程中存在的长周期、高成本、难加工等技术难题,加工出传统制造方式无法加工的复杂金属零件。主要分析总结了目前选区激光熔化所涉及的基本原理、成型设备、材料特性、工艺参数和制造过程中常见的孔隙、球化、应力应变等问题,最后对金属3D打印的发展前景进行了展望。

As the most potential and advanced technology,3D printing of metal parts has became more and more popular in manufacturing industry.Selective laser melting(SLM)is a crucial branch of metallic 3D printing.With great advantage of process in complex and abnormal shape parts,which can not be fabricated with traditional methods,SLM is able to solve the remaining technical problems such as long production cycle,high cost and difficult processing.This research aims to summarize and analysis the fundamental principles,equipment,material characteristics and processing parameters of SLM.Porosity,balling and stress occurred in SLM are also discussed,and the research prospect of metallic 3D printing is introduced in the end.