论现代精神和后现代精神的缘起与本性之差异

On the Differences between Modern Spirit and Postmodern Spirit In terms of Origin and Nature

真正的精神是指人们据以生活的终极意义和价值,而非权力、性本能、享乐、成功和财富等世俗的虚无主义和物质至上主义等虚假的精神或反精神的生活取向。当今人类面临作为生态人和作为社会人的双重危机,实为西方资本主义现代精神中唯利是图的个人主义历史实践所造成的累积效应,致使人与自然、人与社会呈双重异化和疏离的态势。后现代精神由起初对现代性的一味摧毁、碎裂、否定的解构后现代精神演变为后来的生态有机整体主义的建构后现代精神,力图把人类引向自然和社会平衡互动的永续性发展和双向自由解放。但后现代精神对现代精神中以非理性的态度处理人与自然、人与人的关系却持肯定赞赏的态度,无助于问题的根本性解决。

True spirit is the basis of the ultimate meaning and value of peoples life instead of the inveracious spiritual or anti-spiritual life orientation such as power,sexual instinct,pleasure,success and wealth that are worldly nihilism and materialism.Nowadays man,as an ecologist and a social person,is confronted with dual crisis,which is in reality the cumulative effect of the historical practice of the mercenary individualism in the modern spirit of western capitalist countries and causes the dual alienation and isolation between man and nature as well as man and society.At the beginning postmodern spirit turned out to be the deconstructive postmodern spirit which was the destruction,fragmentation and negation of modernity.Later it has been evolved into constructive post-modern spirit of ecological organic holism,and made an utmost effort to guide human beings to sustainable development and two-way freedom and liberation which mean balanced interaction between nature and the society.Nevertheless,the postmodern spirit adopts positive attitude towards the relationship between man and nature and also between man and man,which is dealt with irrational attitude in modem spirit and that is not conducive to the solution of the problem.