伽马射线辐照改性聚丙烯腈原丝及聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的研究进展

Enhancing Polyacrylonitrile Precursor Fibers and Polyacrylonitrile-based Carbon Fibers via Gamma-irradiation:a Review

聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维由于性能优异、制备工艺简单,被广泛应用于各产业,但其存在表面化学惰性强、力学性能仍有很大提升空间等问题,为此研究人员提出了多种改性方法。其中,γ射线辐照是一种能够实现碳纤维表面活性和力学性能协同提高的改性方法,并且能够应用于PAN基碳纤维制备(PAN原丝)及其后处理全过程。本文概述了γ辐照对PAN原丝和PAN基碳纤维的微观结构、表界面性能和力学性能等方面的影响,重点总结了γ辐照下PAN原丝分子结构的演化机制,原丝辐照对成品碳纤维力学性能的影响,γ辐照下碳纤维不同微区结构演化和力学性能的关系,展望了未来γ射线辐照改性PAN基碳纤维的发展方向与前景。

The polyacrylonitrile(PAN)-based carbon fibers have found wide application in a diverse variety of industries because of their superb performance and the facile preparation technique,while nevertheless been suffering many problems such as the extreme surface chemical inertness and the imperfect mechanical performance.This urges intensive research endeavors which have bred various modification methods to enhance the PAN-based carbon fibers.Among these methods,theγ-irradiation treatment is effective to achieve the synergetic improvement in both of the surface activities and the mechanical performance,and meanwhile can be applied to the preparation of PAN precursor fibers and the subsequent treatment process.The present paper aims to provide an overview of theγ-irradiation treatment for PAN precursor fibers and PAN-based carbon fibers,from several facets including the induced changes in the fibers’crystalline structure,surface and interfacial properties,and mechanical properties.We make emphasis on the evolutionary course of theγ-ray-induced cross-linking of PAN precursor fiber molecules,the impact of precursorγ-irradiation to mechanical properties of the final carbon fibers,and the relationship between product’s different microzone structure evolution and mechanical properties underγ-irradiation.The review ends with a delineation of the development direction and the future prospect for this emerging technique.