慢性乙型肝炎患者饮食相关健康素养的调查、比较与对策

Investigation, Comparison and Strategies of Diet Related Health Literacy of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎患者饮食相关健康素养现状、进行比较并制定对策。方法 2015年1—10月采用分层整群抽样的方法对479例慢性乙型肝炎患者进行问卷调查,采用SPSS 17.0软件包进行数据的统计分析。结果 46.8%的患者表示不知道中国居民膳食指南;55.7%的患者表示不知道中国居民平衡膳食宝塔;83.0%的患者不知道何种膳食有利于自身病情的恢复;97.0%的患者不知道膳食如何量化;9.0%的患者对常用食物含有脂肪高回答不全面;45.0%的患者对何种食物含有蛋白质(鸡蛋、奶、鱼、虾等)高回答不全面;56.0%的患者回答不知道高维生素类的蔬菜与水果是否能促进疾病的康复;60.0%以上的慢性乙型肝炎患者存在的不良饮食行为较多。否接受抗病毒治疗、获取知识的途径、病情轻重及医疗费用的支付方式不同,患者的不良饮食行为的得分不同。结论慢性乙型肝炎患者饮食相关健康素养有待提高,不同群体慢性乙型肝炎患者饮食相关健康素养不同,应采取有效措施提高其疾病相关知识水平,减少不良饮食行为。

Objective To study the investigation,comparison and strategies of diet related health literacy of patients with chronic hepatitis B.Methods From January to October 2015 478 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B in our hospital were surveyed by the questionnaires and the data were statistically analyzed by the SPSS 17.0 software package.Results 46.8%showed that they had no idea of the dieting guidance of Chinese residents,55.7%showed that they had no idea of balanced dieting tower of Chinese residents,83.0%showed that they had no idea of what kinds of diets was conducive to the recovery,97.0%showed that they had no idea of how to quantify the dieting,and 9.0%had the imperfect reply of common high-fat food,and 45.0%had the imperfect reply of what kinds of food contained the high proteins(egg,milk,fish,shrimp),56.0%showed they had no idea of whether the high-vitamin vegetables and fruits can promote the recovery,and more than 60.0%had many bad dieting behaviors,and with the differences in whether to accept the antiviral therapy,acquirement routes of knowledge,severity of disease and medical cost,the scores of bad dieting behaviors were also different.Conclusion The related health literacy of patients chronic hepatitis B needs to be improved,and the dieting related health literacy varies among different groups,and we should use the effective measures to improve the disease related knowledge level and reduce the bad dieting behavior.