无机吸附材料处理放射性废水中铀的研究进展

Research Advances in Inorganic Adsorption Materials Processing for Uranium From Radioactive Wastewater

核能与核工业的发展不可避免地会产生大量的含铀放射性废水。随着材料科学的发展,新型吸附材料不断出现,吸附法处理放射性废水近年来得到了特别关注。目前研究的无机吸附材料可分为无机矿物、金属氧化物、碳基材料等。通过接枝、交联、等离子体、复合等技术处理,在吸附材料表面修饰含氧官能团或含氮官能团,可提高对铀的吸附性能和选择性。铀的吸附机理多表现为离子交换和表面络合作用。本文主要介绍了无机吸附材料处理放射性废水中铀的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。

A large amount of uranium-containing wastewater was produced with the develop-ment and application of nuclear energy.Adsorption method has received increasing attention due to the rapid development of new adsorptive materials.The adsorption method is widely used for concentrating uranium in wastewater.The adsorbents used for the adsorption of uranium from wastewater include inorganic minerals,metal oxide and carbon-based materials(such as activated carbon,carbon nanotube and graphene)and so on.The modification of adsorbentsby grafting O-or N-containing functional groups,cross-liking,plasma,ion-imprint and composite can enhance the adsorption capacity and selectivity.The mechanism for uranium adsorption is ion exchange and surface complexation.In this paper the research advances in uranium adsorption from wastewater are reviewed,and the future research direc-tion is proposed based on the analysis of the present references.