设有挡肩的尾端圆弧接触重载车钩稳钩能力研究

Pressure Stability of the Arc-end Heavy Haul Coupler with Restoring Bumpstop

以尾端圆弧接触重载车钩结构为基础,提出一种改进车钩,在车钩尾端两侧添加挡肩止挡,以提高圆弧尾端接触车钩的稳钩能力。分析改进车钩的运动及受力特性,并建立车钩连接的三节重联机车多体动力学模型,模型中考虑到车钩挡肩止挡的回复作用,研究车钩的稳钩能力及其与机车悬挂参数匹配规律。结果表明:设置挡肩止挡并保证较小止挡间隙,以及增加机车二系横向刚度可以明显提高较大压缩载荷作用下尾端圆弧车钩的受压稳定性。止挡间隙值较大时,由于车钩失稳引起的冲击作用,即使止挡接触,也不能保证较大纵向压缩力作用下的车钩稳定性。挡肩止挡间隙为5 mm、机车二系横向刚度为100kN/m时,车钩满足最大纵向载荷为2 500kN计算工况稳定性的要求;当止挡间隙为7mm时,机车二系簧横向刚度需提高一倍才满足该纵向载荷作用下车钩稳定要求。

A type of improved coupler was proposed based on a heavy haul coupler,such as the No.13 coupler,with arc contact,by adding a restoring bumpstop at both sides of the end of the coupler,to improve the stability of the coupler under pressure.Following an analysis of coupler motion and force characteristics,a multi-body-dynamics model of three heavy haul locomotives was established.The effect of restoring bumpstop was considered to simulate the process of the instability of the coupler caused by the emergency braking of the heavy haul train to investigate the effect of relevant parameters on the coupler pressure stability.The results show that the stability of the coupler under large coupler longitudinal force can be significantly improved by setting up bumpstop and ensuring a smaller bumpstop gap,as well as increasing the secondary lateral stiffness of the locomotive.At larger bumpstop gap,due to the impact caused by the coupler instability,the stability of the coupler under large coupler longitudinal force cannot be guaranteed even with bumpstop contact.At 5 mm of the bumpstop gap and 100 kN/m of the secondary lateral stiffness of the locomotive,the coupler meets the stability requirement of maximum longitudinal force of 2500 kN.When the bumpstop gap is increased to 7 mm,the secondary lateral stiffness of the locomotive must be doubled to meet the requirement of such a longitudinal force.