基于人本观测的北京历史街道空间品质提升研究

THE IMPROVEMENT OF SPATIAL QUALITY ON BEIJING HISTORICAL STREETS BASED ON PEOPLE-ORIENTED OBSERVATION

街道是城市中供人通行、休憩、交往的线性公共空间,除了车辆效率、风貌景观与商业利润,更应关注人的活动。基于非首都功能疏解背景、遵循以人民为中心的发展思想,本文首先回顾了国内外街道人本观测方法与治理经验,提出了四类人本观测方法,即人的构成与路权分析法、人的分布与热力分析法、人的速写与业态分析法、人的色彩与文化分析法,总结了大数据观测技术适应性,以延寿街、杨梅竹斜街、教子胡同、留学路四条历史街道为例进行了观测,最后提出北京历史街道空间品质提升思路——机动车辆还路于人、重点提升热力空间、业态更新服务民生、文化修复和民心修补。

The street is a linear public space for people to pass,relax and interact.Besides vehicle efficiency,landscape and business profits,we should pay more attention to human activities.Facing the non capital function and following the central people centered development thought,in 2017,Beijing concentrated on carrying out the regulation and upgrading actions of the street alleys,which required people's family affairs to keep in mind,and constantly improve the level of livelihood security and public service supply.Under this background,we first review the street observation methods and management experience,put forward four kinds of the methods of observation and analysis of human constitution and right of way,the distribution of thermal analysis method,the distribution and thermal degree,analysis of color and culture in Yanshou street,Yangmeizhu street,Jiaozi Hutong,Liuxue street as an example of the observation,finally propose the Beijing historic street space to enhance the quality of ideas:giving motor vehicle road to people,key upgrading of thermal space,updating service and people's livelihood,cultural and people's heart repair.