上海市高中生睡眠时间不足与体力活动的关系研究

Relationship study on physical activities and sleep duration in senior school students in Shanghai

【目的】探索上海市高中生睡眠不足的现况及其与日常体力活动情况的关系。【方法】2015—2016年,在上海市各个区采用按比例系统随机抽样方法抽取28所高中学校,再采取简单随机整群抽样方法,在每个学校的每个年级随机抽取2个班级,采用《上海市青少年健康相关行为调查问卷(高中版)》对高中学生的睡眠时间和体力活动情况进行调查。【结果】共抽取有效样本6 401人(男生占45.6%,女生占54.4%)。62.8%的被调查高中生每日睡眠时间小于7 h,94.8%的高中生小于8 h。单因素分析发现,女生较男生、高年级较低年级睡眠不足情况更严重;每日身体活动时间达60 min、每日中等强度活动达30 min、每天步行或骑车达30 min、每周体育课数、每周课外体育锻炼量均与睡眠时间正相关。多因素分析发现,性别、年级、每日步行或骑车时间、每周课外体育锻炼量对于高中生睡眠时间有促进作用。【结论】上海地区高中生睡眠时间严重不足。体力活动中步行、骑车及课外体育锻炼对睡眠时间起正性促进作用,在健康教育中应鼓励学生每日多步行或骑车、多参加课外体育活动以改善睡眠时间不足。

[Objective]To investigate the correlation between physical activities and sleep duration in senior school students in Shanghai.[Methods]By using systematic sampling methods,28 senior schools were randomly selected from 17 districts in Shanghai in 2015-2016.By using simple random sampling methods,2 classes were randomly selected from each grade of the 28 schools.By using the Survey Questionnaire for Health-related Behaviors of Teenagers in Shanghai(senior school version),questionnaire surveys were performed to investigate the sleep duration and the related physical activities of senior school students.[Results]A total of 6 401 students(male students accounted for 45.6%and female students 54.4%)were surveyed.94.8%of the students were found to sleep less than 8 hours a day and 62.8%of the students less than 7 hours.Single-factor analysis found that lack of sleep in girls were more serious than boys,and were more serious in higher grade.Daily moderate intensity activity for 60 minutes,daily walking or riding a bike for 30 minutes,PE lesson per week,extracurricular physical exercise were positively correlated with the sleep duration.Multi-factor analysis found that gender,grade,daily walking or riding a bike for 30 minutes,extracurricular physical exercise were positively correlated with the sleep duration.[Conclusion]Lack of sleep is common among senior school students in Shanghai,and sleep insufficiency is correlated with daily walking or riding a bike for 30 minutes,extracurricular physical exercise,which suggests that it is very necessary to provide senior school students with education that improves their physical activities.