114例口腔颌面部间隙感染患者临床及病原学特征分析

Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of 114 Patients with Oral and Maxillofacial Space Infection

目的研究口腔颌面部间隙感染的临床特征及病原学特点。方法选取114例口腔颌面间隙感染患者,回顾性分析其临床特征及病原学资料。结果颌面间隙感染多发于夏季;累计378个颌面间隙感染中下颌下间隙有88个(23.28%),咬肌间隙50个(13.23%);72例患者培养出病原菌,共培养78株细菌,其中革兰阳性菌星座链球菌24例(30.77%)、咽峡炎链球菌14例(17.96%),革兰阴性菌克雷伯菌8例(10.25%);年龄、季节、病因、糖尿病病史及感染间隙数目均影响患者住院时间(均P<0.05);患者临床特征对住院时间的影响程度顺序依次为间隙累及数目、糖尿病病史和年龄。结论颌面间隙感染具有季节性特点,好发于面上间隙,多由革兰阳性菌引起,其治疗效果主要受感染间隙数目、糖尿病病史和年龄的影响。

Objective To investigate the clinical and etiological features of patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection.Methods A retrospective review was performed to analyze the clinical features and pathogenic bacteria of 114 patients with oral and maxillofacial space infection.Results Maxillofacial space infection often occurred in summer.Among the 378 cases of oral and maxillofacial space infection,submandibular space infection was found in 88(23.28%),and masseteric space infection in 50(13.23%).Seventy-eight strains of bacteria were isolated from 72 patients,including 24 strains of gram-negative Streptococcus constellatus(30.77%),14 strains of Streptococcus anginosus(17.96%)and 8 strains of gram-negative Klebsiella(10.25%).The age,season,etiology,history of diabetes and number of infected spaces significantly affected the length of hospital stay(P<0.05).The three most important factors affecting hospital stay were the number of infected spaces,history of diabetes and age.Conclusion The oral and maxillofacial space infection shows seasonal characteristics.It is mainly caused by gram-positive bacteria and commonly occurs in submandibular and masseteric spaces.The treatment outcomes of oral and maxillofacial space infection are mainly affected by the number of infected spaces,history of diabetes and age.