从杜甫《发秦州》《发同谷》组诗看山水诗的新变

The New Change of Landscape Poetry of Du Fu from His Poems Departure of Qin Zhou and Departure of Tong Gu

自南朝宋谢灵运山水诗始,到盛唐王维将山水诗推上高峰,为中国山水诗之一大变。杜甫《发秦州》《发同谷》组诗写由秦州至同谷、由同谷至成都途中山水,以其饱尝艰辛的心态,在安史战乱造成国难民困的政治气候中,以组诗形式镌刻出险峻崛奇的陇蜀山水长卷。两组诗的价值不仅在于其叙行役的具体性、客观性、时间的连续性,清晰地画出不间断的行程路线;更在于采用了化整为零,又合零为整的艺术手法,形象地展现了空间跨度极大的陇蜀山水和历时三月的行役的体验。以陇蜀山水之个性,形成了杜甫山水诗奇险的独特个性风格,在这幅陇蜀山水长卷里,展现了中国山水诗自二谢、经王孟、到杜甫的又一次新变,也是杜甫对中国山水诗创作的新贡献。

There was a great change of Chinese landscape poetry from Xie Lingyun to Wang Wei.Du Fu’s poems,Departure of Qin Zhou and Departure of Tong Gu,wrote the landscape from Qin Zhou to Tong Gu and from Tong Gu to Cheng Du with the mentality suffered the hardships.The two sets of poems engraved the precipitous of the landscape in Long and Shu in the political climate of“An-Shi Rebellion”.The value of the two sets of poems lies not only the particularity,objectivity of the hard journey and the continuity of time,but also the means of artistic expression which breaking up the whole into parts and organizing the parts to the whole,showing the experiences of the landscape in Long and Shu in the long three months.Gorgeousness and powerfulness personality,ingenuity theme,varied art forms and special“having me in the scene”in Du Fu’s poems,Departure of Qin Zhou and Departure of Tong Gu,made the character of Du Fu’s landscape poetry,which was the new change of Chinese landscape poetry and the new contribution to Chinese landscape poetry by Du Fu.