BSL-3实验室实验活动及意外事故对室内环境生物污染的定量分析

Quantitative analysis of bio-contamination generated during experiment activities and accidents on the indoor environment in BSL-3 laboratory

目的对BSL-3实验室内常见的实验活动及意外事故进行模拟,定量研究产生的微生物气溶胶浓度,分析各种实验活动的风险程度,为相关实验操作的风险评估和人员防护提供参考。方法用粘质沙雷菌和噬菌体ΦX174作为替代微生物,在BSL-3实验室对6种实验活动及意外事故进行模拟,通过空气和表面采样检测,对实验活动的生物风险进行定量分析研究。结果 6种实验活动及意外事故都会产生不同浓度的微生物气溶胶。注射攻毒实验动物意外喷出可产生浓度达10~4 CFU/m^3的气溶胶,培养瓶意外坠落和冻干粉意外洒落产生的气溶胶浓度可达103 CFU/m^3(PFU/m^3),吹吸混匀、离心时离心管破裂及超声裂解产生的气溶胶浓度为10~100 CFU/m^3(PFU/m^3)。结论 BSL-3实验室内实验活动及意外事故产生的气溶胶浓度不可忽视,会引发生物污染与人员感染风险。

Objective In this work,based on the simulation of common experimental activities and accidents in BSL-3 laboratory,we aim to quantitatively study the concentrations of generated microbial aerosols,and analyze the risks of various experimental activities so as to provide reference for the risk assessment and personnel protection of related experimental operations.Methods Serratia marcescens and phageΦX174 were selected as surrogates for microorganisms.6 kinds of experimental activities and accidents were simulated in BSL-3 laboratory.The biological risks of experimental activities were quantitatively analyzed through air and surface sampling.Results All the 6 experimental activities and accidents can result in microbial aerosols of different concentrations.Accidental gush of liquid from syringe generates aerosols with concentrations of up to 104 CFU/m3.Accidental fall-off of culture flasks and accidental spattering of lyophilized powders can result in aerosols with concentration of 103 CFU/m3(PFU/m3).The concentrations of aerosols generated in the process of mix-up,centrifugation with broken tubes and ultrasonic cleavage are in the range of 10-100 CFU/m3(PFU/m3).Conclusion The aerosols generated during the experimental activities and accidents in BSL-3 laboratory can not be neglected,which may lead to the risk of biological contamination and personnel infection.