BSL-4实验室设施和关键设备生物防护风险研究

Biological protection test of facilities and key equipment in BSL-4 laboratory

目的在正常运行的生物安全四级(BSL-4)实验室内,用生物学方法对实验室设施和关键设备进行气溶胶防护效果测试,为BSL-4实验室的风险评估提供数据参考。方法用粘质沙雷菌和噬菌体ΦX174代替高致病性微生物发生气溶胶,通过安德森采样器定量采样法来测试设施和关键设备的生物防护效果。结果所测试的设施设备对生物气溶胶的防护效率均达到99.9%以上,其中气密门和正压防护服在模拟意外发生的情况下依然达到超过99.99%的防护效率。结论在所测试的BSL-4实验室设施设备正常运行情况下,发生生物泄漏风险的概率很小。

Objective To test the aerosol protective effect of biosafety facilities and key equipments using biological methods under the normal operation of the BSL-4 laboratory,and to use these data in risk assessment of BSL-4 laboratory.Methods Aerosol was generated using Serratia marcescens and bacteriophageΦX174 of Escherichia coli 13706 in place of the highly pathogenic microorganisms and the bio-protective effect of critical facility equipments were tested by an Andersen sampler quantitative sampling method.Results The bio-aerosol protection efficiency of the tested facilities and equipments all reached above 99.9%.Among them,the airtight door and the positive pressure suit biological protection efficiency still reached above 99.99%while simulating the accidental leakage operation.Conclusions Under the normal operation of the BSL-4 laboratory,the probability of biosafety leakage risk of the key facilities and equipment tested is very low.