大气污染所致生态环境损害及救济之辨析——基于“大气污染公益诉讼第一案”展开

Environmental Damage Caused by Air Pollution and Its Relief:A Study of the First Public Interest Litigation against Air Pollution

大气污染生态环境损害具有整体性、跨区域性、二元性等特质。这决定了对损害的判断,不能仅以大气环境质量的降低为标准,更重要的是生态系统服务能力的退化;不能局限于污染行为发生地,而应根据扩散规律合理确定范围;不能局限于传统侵权法视角观察,而应充分考虑大气污染侵权损害后果的公共性。对生态环境损害的救济应以"专业人员治理、责任人付费"的方式进行,并针对具体情况妥当选择合适标准。"大气污染公益诉讼第一案"为大气污染生态环境损害的救济提供了有益的先例,但该案对生态环境损害的认定及救济存在偏颇和缺漏,在此类案件的处理中应对大气污染及损害救济的特质予以重视。

The ecological environmental damage by air pollutionisholistic,cross-regionalandbinary.Therefore,the judgment of damageshould relynot only onatmospheric environmental deterioration,but more importantly,on the degradation of ecosystem services.The judgementshould not be limited to where the pollution occurred,but be reasonably determined in light ofthediffusionrangs.Norshould it be viewed from the tort law,but should take into account the infringement of public welfareby air pollution.The relief from ecological environment damage should be carried out following the principle that“the professional repair and the responsible pay”.The appropriate standard should be chosen according to the specific situation.“The first public interest litigation against air pollution”provides a useful precedent for the relief from ecological damage by air pollution.However,there are shortcomings in its verdict.When handling such cases,we should pay particularattention to the traits of both air pollution and damage relie.