老年住院患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为现状及其影响因素研究

Study on current situation and influence factors for knowledge, attitude;behavior of oral health in elderly patients

目的:了解老年住院患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为现状,并分析其影响因素,为做好老年住院患者口腔保健提供依据,同时为老年住院患者建立合适的口腔健康教育模式奠定基础。方法:采用便利抽样法取天津市5家三级医院,再用系统抽样法抽取164例老年住院患者作为研究对象,采用横断面调查,运用自行设计的患者一般情况调查表、患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为调查表对患者进行调查,采用单因素分析和多元线性回归分析对患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为的影响因素进行分析。结果:老年住院患者口腔健康知识、态度得分(5.74±0.40)分,健康行为得分(5.71±0.39)分,患者口腔健康知识、态度、行为总分(11.30±1.25)分;多元线性回归分析结果显示,住院老年患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为受到患者自身特点(年龄、文化程度、经济收入)和外界环境(口腔健康宣教、宣传途径等)的影响,可以解释患者口腔健康知识、态度及行为45.7%的变异。结论 :老年住院患者口腔健康信念差、口腔健康知识缺乏、口腔健康行为不良,护理人员应该加大口腔健康知识的宣传力度,为老年患者提供专业的口腔知识宣教,特别关注年龄大、收入低,文化程度低的老年患者。

Objective:To understand the current situation of knowledge,attitude;behavior for oral health and its influence factors in elderly patients in order to provide a reliable basis for health education.Methods:164 old hospital patients from 5 hospitals were surveyed by general questionnaire and oral health knowledge,attitude and behavior questionnaire.The single factors analysis method and multiple linear regression analysis method were used to analyze the influence factors.Results:The score of knowledge and attitude for oral health in elderly hospitalized patients was 5.74±0.40;the score of health behavior was 5.71±0.39,the total score was 11.30±1.25.The research results showed influence factors for knowledge,attitude and behavior of oral health in hospitalized elderly patients included patient characteristics(age,education,income)and the external environment factor(health education,publicity,and so on).Conclusion:Because of the poor belief,knowledge,behavior for oral health,nurses should increase advocacy efforts,providing professional dental education for elderly patients,particularly focusing on older,lower income,elderly patients with low level of educational attainment.