基于水量分配的流域生态补偿研究——以小清河流域为例

STUDY ON ECOLOGICAL COMPENSATION OF WATERSHED BASED ON WATER DISTRIBUTION——A CASE STUDY OF XIAOQING RIVER BASIN

目的]水量分配和生态补偿是我国流域生态经济可持续发展中的两个重要模块,有助于解决水资源利用冲突,实现水资源的高效配置。[方法]以小清河流域为例,将两者进行有效衔接,采用AHP法和熵值法进行科学分水的基础上,根据应分水量分摊上游的保护成本,结合各区域的实际用水和节水贡献进行调整,按照逐级补偿方式,测算流域各区域的水量综合补偿额。[结果]按照公平、效率、可持续的原则,2016年小清河上游至下游各区域的水量分配额分别为:滨州邹平7 350.03万m^3、淄博6 568.84万m^3、滨州博兴4 411.18万m^3、东营9 620.53万m^3、潍坊6 649.42万m^3;济南作为上游水源地为整条流域供水获得补偿2.66亿元,滨州邹平段因水量维护贡献突出、正外部效益外溢获得补偿2.020 2亿元,淄博、滨州博兴、东营和潍坊段则因其超量用水各需支付22.59万元、1.33亿元、1.11亿元和2.27亿元。[结论]小清河下游地区应增强水量维护意识,促进产业结构向绿色转型升级,减少用水量。此外,今后应探索多元化的补偿资金来源,提高用水效率,实现流域生态与经济的和谐发展。

Water allocation and ecological compensation are two important modules in the sustainable development of eco-economy in the basin,which help to solve the conflict of water resources utilization and realize the efficient allocation of water resources.Taking Xiaoqinghe River Basin as an example,and based on AHP method and entropy method for scientific water division,this paper divided the upstream protection costs according to the amount of water,the actual water consumption,and water-saving contribution of each region.And then it calculated the amount of water compensation in all regions of the basin using the gradual compensation method,based on the principles of fairness,efficiency and sustainability.The results showed that in 2016,the water allocation of the upper reaches of Xiaoqing River to the lower reaches was 73.503 million m 3 in Binzhou,65.688 4 million m 3 in Zibo,44.111 8 million m 3 in Binzhou,96.205 3 million m 3 in Dongying and 66.494 4 million m 3 in Weifang.Jinan as the upstream water source for the entire basin water supply gained the compensation of 266.42 million yuan,Binzhou Zouping section was compensated 202.018 3 million yuan due to the contribution of water conservation,positive external spill.Zibo,Binzhou Boxing,Dongying and Weifang section needed to pay 225 900 yuan,133.388 900 million yuan,110.773 million yuan and 227.110 2 million yuan due to the excess water utilization.Xiaoqing River downstream areas should enhance awareness of water conservation,and promote the industrial restructuring and upgrading to the green,reduce water consumption.In addition,diversified sources of compensation funds should be explored in the future to improve water use efficiency and achieve the harmonious development of ecological and economic development in the basin.