花生种子休眠特异突变材料的创制及理化因素研究

Study on Physiological Factors and Creation of Mutants Related to Seed Dormancy in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

花生是我国重要的油料作物和经济作物,种子休眠性是一个极其重要的农艺性状,对产量、质量以及种用安全有重要影响。为探讨花生种子休眠和萌发机制,本研究以强休眠品种花育52号和以其为野生型创制的突变材料为试材,进行种子休眠特性的研究。结果显示,突变材料与野生型相比,品质变化不显著,种子萌发率分别为78.33%,83.33%和35.00%,存在显著性差异。种子吸水萌发过程中,弱休眠突变材料与强休眠野生型在POD、CAT、GA、ABA含量和ABA/GA方面表现有一定差异。初期(0h、6h)弱休眠材料与强休眠野生型的POD、CAT、GA、ABA含量,ABA/GA差异不显著,中期(12h、18h)弱休眠材料的POD、CAT、GA含量显著高于强休眠野生型,而ABA含量、ABA/GA显著低于强休眠野生型;后期(24h、48h)弱休眠材料的CAT和GA含量显著高于强休眠野生型,而ABA含量、ABA/GA显著低于强休眠野生型花育52号。本研究创制的突变材料为花生种子休眠的深入探索奠定基础。

Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China.Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)seed dormancy is an important agronomic trait which can affect quality,yield and seed security in agricultural production.In order to research the mechanism of seeds dormancy and germination,strong dormancy variety Huayu52 and weak dormancy mutants derived from Huayu52 were applied in this study.The results showed that the germination rate of mutants and Huayu52 were 78.33%,83.33%and 35.00%,respectively.The germination rate of mutants was significantly higher than Huayu52,and quality(oil,protein,oleic and linoleic)difference between mutants and Huayu52 was not significant.During peanut seed imbibition and germination,there were differences of POD、CAT、GA、ABA and ABA/GA between mutants and wild type Huayu52.POD、CAT、GA、ABA、ABA/GA were not significantly different between mutants and Huayu52 during early stage(0h,6h)of seed imbibition and germination.POD、CAT、GA of mutants with weak dormancy were significantly higher than Huayu52,while ABA、ABA/GA of which were significantly lower than Huayu52 during medium stage(12h,18h)of seed imbibition and germination.CAT、GA of mutants with weak dormancy were significantly higher than that of Huayu52,while ABA、ABA/GA of which were significantly lower than Huayu52 during late stage(24h,48h)of seed imbibition and germination.The study provided material for research of seed dormancy in peanut.