耦合水文情势及鱼类需求的生态调度研究

Ecological operation study coupling hydrological regime and fish demand

针对丰满水库下游鱼类多样性减少的问题,在满足最小生态流量需求的基础上,开展了营造适宜鱼类的水文情势研究。通过筛选改变度大且适宜鱼类的水文情势指标构建生态完整度函数,将此作为生态目标建立水库多目标优化调度模型。调度结果表明,所建立的生态调度模型在满足发电、供水和最小生态需水量的基础上,可将生态完整度至少提高48%,其中,涨水率、高流量脉冲数指标隶属度分别增加了0.112、0.261,且涨水率指标在枯水年改善程度好,高流量脉冲数指标在枯水年改善程度大、丰水年改善程度小。本文所建立的模型显著提高了适宜鱼类水文情势的生态完整度,可为有鱼类修复任务的流域提供参考。

To solve the problem of the dwindling fish resources in the lower reaches of the Fengman reservoir,we conducted the study on hydrological regime suitable for fishes on the basis of satisfying the minimum ecological water demand.We selected hydrological regime indicators that changed severely and were suitable for fishes,and used them to establish an ecological integrity function.Using the proposed function as the ecological objective,we established a multi-objective optimal scheduling model.Results showed that this model could improve ecological integrity by at least 48%.The memberships of flow rising rate and high flow pulse number increased by 0.112 and 0.261 respectively.The flow rising rate was well improved in dry years.The high flow pulse number was improved greatly in dry years and slightly in wet years.This model can significantly improve the ecological integrity,and can provide a reference for the watershed with fish restoration tasks.