基于Landsat-TM卫星影像的中亚水体动态变化研究

Study on the dynamic change of water in Central Asia based on Landsat-TM imagery

当今世界卫星遥感和图像处理技术迅速崛起并飞速发展,利用卫星遥感数据对水资源进行分析和监测已成为必然趋势。中亚五国地处欧亚大陆核心腹地,是丝绸之路经济带的陆上要塞,地区内常年干旱少雨,国家间水体面积差异显著。利用Landsat-TM/ETM+卫星遥感影像数据,基于决策树分类方法,进行提取中亚水体信息,选取中亚主要湖泊、河渠作为典型研究区,研究2000年、2010年和2015年的水体动态变化。研究结果表明,中亚水体总面积为123 984.80km2,其中湖泊面积为111 856.63km2,河渠面积为6 323.59km2,自然坑塘面积为5 804.58km2,湖泊、河渠和自然坑塘面积分别占中亚水体总面积的90.21%、5.10%和4.68%;中亚地区除乌兹别克斯坦国水资源充足外,其余国家水资源相对匮乏;典型研究区中咸海、额尔齐斯河和乌拉尔河变差系数相对较大,分别为41.18%、24.82%和14.68%;总体来看,中亚水体面积正逐年减少,研究中亚水体分布及动态变化有助于推进"一带一路"战略。

At present,with the rapid development of remote sensing and image processing technologies,using remote sensing data for analyzing and monitoring water resources has become an inevitable trend.The five Central Asian countries are located at the core of Eurasia,and are considered as a stronghold of the"Silk Road"economic belt.They have little rainfall all the year round,and differ greatly in water area.Based on Landsat-TM/ETM+imagery,using the method of decision tree classification,we extracted the information of Central Asian water,and selected the major lakes and canals of Central Asia as the typical research areas to study the change of water area in 2000,2010,and 2015.The results demonstrated that the total water area of Central Asia is 123 984.80 km 2,which includes 111 856 km 2 of lake area,6 323.59 km 2 of river area,and 5804.58 km 2 of pond area.These three types respectively accounted for 90.21%,5.10%,and 4.68%of the total water area.In addition,while Uzbekistan has abundant water resources,the other countries in Central Asia are all relatively short of water resources.Among the typical areas,the Aral Sea,Irtysh River,and Ural River have large coefficients of deterioration,which are 41.18%,24.82%,and 14.68%respectively.Generally,the water area is decreasing year by year in Central Asia.The study on the distribution and dynamic change of water resources in Central Asia can contribute to"The Belt and Road"strategy.