基于STEM教育重塑学前儿童科学教育旨归

Based on STEM Education to Reconstruct the Fundamental Purpose of Preschool Children's Science Education

源起于美国并在全球逐渐被重视、甚至作为教育发展战略的STEM教育,其根本目标是培养具有跨学科知识素养和真实问题解决能力的未来公民。基于学科融通的问题解决意识驱动,学生从生活中最真实的感兴趣的问题出发,运用多学科经验主动参与式地学习。而我国学前儿童科学教育在反思长期教育实践中重知识讲解传授、重形式轻操作、成人绝对主导等问题后也逐渐明晰了儿童自发探究基础上教师指导的探究教学取向。本文基于STEM教育目的、理念及核心特征重构我国学前儿童科学教育的价值取向及其组织与实施。

The fundamental goal of STEM education,which originated from the United States and gradually gained high attention all over the world,and even as an educational development strategy,is to foster future citizens with inter--disciplinary knowledge literacy and real problem-solving capabilities.Based on the problem--solving consciousness driven of disciplinary integration,students start to learn from the most realistic interested questions in life,and use multidisciplinary experience to study actively.Preschool children's science education in our country has gradually clarified the inquiry teaching orientation which is that teacher provide guidance based on children's spontaneous exploration.It happens after the reflection of long-term science education practice,which focused more on teaching,paid more attention on form than operation,and teachers were the major players in the class.Based on the purpose,conception and core characteristics of STEM education,this paper reconstructs the value orientation and organization and implementation of the preschool children's science education.