澳大利亚殖民时期女囚工厂改革探析

Analysis of Reform of Female Prisoners' Factory of New South Wales in Colonial Australia

殖民时期,为了更加有效地管理女流放犯,同时解决殖民地因性别比例不平衡造成的一些社会问题,英国政府在澳大利亚建立了女囚工厂。女囚工厂在建立初期管理不够完善,产生了一系列问题,如女囚工厂内部恶劣的环境导致女流放犯生活状况更加糟糕,不合理的分类使其改造积极性较低,同时未能消除男女关系混乱的现象。为此,英国政府对女囚工厂进行了改革,改革主要集中于工厂的管理人员以及对女流放犯的分类和惩罚等方面。通过改革提高了女囚工厂的管理效率,使其从一个半监狱半工厂的收容所转变为组织严密的女流放犯管理机构。女囚工厂成为英国流放制度中不可缺少的环节。

In colonial Australia,the British government established female factory for making the management of female convicts more effective and solving the social problems caused by gender imbalance in the colony.But in initial period,the female factory was not so complete and had problems,such as the dreadful conditions in female factory which made female convicts’life more terrible and led to their low enthusiasm of rehabilitation as well as promiscuity.In order to solve these problems,the government reformed female factory.The reform focused on the management staffs of female factory,the classification and punishment of female convicts.The reform improved administrative efficiency of the factory and made it become a tightly organized female convicts’administration.