被虐待与忽视儿童保护:美国的经验与启示

Protection of Child Against Maltreatment and Neglect in the United States

在美国,被虐待儿童保护是指对因被虐待或被忽视而受到伤害的儿童和其他不幸儿童,提供保护性服务、收养、寄养、家庭预防与发展等项福利服务。这一体系构建的基础是"国家亲权责任",强调可持续的家庭对儿童的作用,家长失职或失去意愿时由国家出面,同时发动亲属、社区和社会组织等力量承担保护责任。国家亲权责任体现在儿童保护工作始终,既重视儿童被虐待与忽视的预防,同时尽力为已处于困境的儿童重建家庭或类家庭的环境。

Protection of child against maltreatment and neglect in the United States constitutes a basis of its child welfare system,which provides protective services,adoption,foster care and family-oriented services to those unfortunate children who are ignored or/and abused by their custodian.Parent of the Nation is the key element that rationalizes the governments’intervention into family issue while a family fails to protect their own child.Believing that family must be the first and last shelter for minors,public sectors commit themself to forming and reforming a family or family-like environment,for example,by providing preventative services and supports to families which have trouble in caring for their child.