20世纪30年代初中国知识界关于苏联“一五”计划的讨论

Chinese Intelligentsia's Discussion on “The First Five-year Plan” of the Soviet Union in the Early 1930s

以联共(布)第十六次代表会议和全苏第五次苏维埃代表大会通过的《关于发展国民经济的五年计划》为标志,苏联走上了一条新型工业化和农业集体化道路,斯大林模式的社会主义开始确立。对此,当时的中国知识界迅速作出反应,进行了全方位的解读与研究,内容涉及苏联"一五"计划的各方面。其中,对苏联实施"一五"计划的根本目的以及斯大林"一国建成社会主义"的理论,人们表现出强烈兴趣。在当时特定的国际国内背景下,尽管中国知识界对苏联"一五"计划实施中所暴露出的一些问题也有所涉及,但整体来看并没有引起应有重视,而是对其更多持宽容和理解的态度。

With“the first five-year plan for national economic development”passed on the 16th Representative Conference of the Soviet Union Communist Party(Bolshevik)and the Fifth Soviet Congress of the Soviet Union as its symbol,the Soviet Union was on a new path of industrialization and agricultural collectivization,and the Stalin socialist model began to be established.Chinese intelligentsia reacted rapidly to this,carrying on comprehensive interpretation and research which covered every aspect of“the first five-year plan”of the Soviet Union.In particularly,the fundamental purpose of this plan and Stalin’s theory of socialism built in one country were attached much interest.Under specific international and domestic circumstances,although the Chinese intelligentsia mentioned some problems during the implementation of the plan,they held a tolerant and understanding attitude instead of taking them seriously.