从汉日对比的角度看日语的授受表达

View the Expressions for Giving and Receiving in Japanese in Terms of the Japanese-Chinese Comparison

日语授受表达的表现形式丰富,使用频率很高。文中我们从汉日对比的角度解析"?てもらう"在语义、句法、语用层面的意义和用法。我们发现"?てもらう"句式和汉语中的使令句具有一样的嵌入式结构,当表示"请求并受益"时与汉语中"请"字句最为接近,当单纯表示"受到恩惠"时,具有特殊的语用意义,汉语中没有与其对应的句式表达。

The expressions for giving and receiving in Japanese are rich and used frequently.In this paper,we analyze the meaning and usage of"~てもらう"in terms of semantic,syntactic and pragmatic levels.We find that the sentence"~てもらう"has the same embedded structure as that of the imperative sentence in Chinese and is more close to the“please”phrase in Chinese in expressing“request and benefit”.When it is purely used to express“receiving benefit”,it has a special pragmatic meaning and there is no corresponding sentence expression in Chinese.