隆阳区2009—2016年麻疹流行病学特征分析

Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of measles in Longyang District during 2009-2016

目的分析云南省保山市隆阳区2009—2016年麻疹流行病学特征,为控制和消除麻疹提供参考依据。方法对云南省保山市隆阳区2009—2016年麻疹发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析。结果云南省保山市隆阳区2009—2016年麻疹发病42例,以散发为主,年均发病率为4.49例/10万,各年间麻疹发病呈逐年下降趋势(r=-6.38,P<0.05);发病呈明显的季节性,主要集中于春季(1~3月份);发病有明显的地区差异,主要集中在瓦窑、板桥2个乡镇;年龄分布呈双峰态,以0~5岁组发病率最高,以无免疫史及免疫剂次不足儿童为主,>30~35岁次之,≤5岁组患儿发病率与各年龄组比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=35.25,P<0.05);职业分布以农民和散居儿童为主;不同性别患者发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=4.77,P>0.05)。结论云南省保山市隆阳区麻疹控制工作取得了一定的效果,提高麻疹实验室检测水平、扩大麻疹疫苗接种年龄、加大补充免疫的力度、提高适龄儿童的麻疹组分疫苗接种率、加强日常监测工作等是控制麻疹的最有效手段。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Longyang District of Baoshan City during 2009-2016 to provide a reference basis for controlling and eliminating measles.Methods The measles prevalence situation in Longyang District of Baoshan City during 2009-2016 was performed the descriptive epidemiological analysis.Results Forty-two cases of measles occurred in Longyang District of Baoshan City during 2009-2016,were mainly sporadic with the annual prevalence rate of 4.49/100 000,the prevalence rate in each year showed the declining trend year by year(r=-6.38,P<0.05);the morbidity showed obvious seasonality,mainly concentrated in the spring(January to March);the onset had obvious regional difference,which was mainly concentrated in the two villages and towns of Wayao and Banqiao;the age distribu-tion showed the bimodal status,the prevalence rate of 0-5 years old group was the highest and dominated by the children without immune history and immune agent times insufficiency,followed by the>30-35 years old group,the prevalence rate had statistical difference between the≤5 years old group and other age groups(χ2=35.25,P<0.05);professional distribution is given priority to farmers and scattered children;the prevalence rate had no statistical difference between different sexes(χ2=4.77,P>0.05).Conclusion The measles control work has achieved some results in Longyang District of Baoshan City.Improving the level of measles laboratory tests,expanding the measles vaccination age,enlarging the efforts to supplimentary immunization,increasing the measles-containing vaccine innoculation rate of school-age children and strengthening the daily supervision work and so on are the most effective means to control measles.