青少年1型糖尿病患者自我管理能力现状及影响因素的调查研究

Investigation of self-management ability and influencing factors in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus

目的探讨T1DM青少年患者自我管理现状并分析影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表和糖尿病自我管理量表对43例T1DM青少年患者进行调查。结果 T1DM青少年患者在病情控制问题、对疾病态度、饮食依从性、血糖监测障碍和糖尿病知识的理解自评得分分别为(2.75±0.66)、(4.11±0.55)、(2.20±0.65)、(2.04±0.69)和(2.99±0.95)分,其中患者在病情控制问题、对疾病的态度及血糖监测障碍方面自我管理能力较高,在饮食依从性及糖尿病知识的理解自评方面自我管理能力较低。家庭人均月收入和治疗方式对病情控制问题得分有影响(P<0.05);父母文化程度、家庭人均月收入及治疗方式是对疾病态度得分有影响(P<0.05);性别、父母文化程度、主要照顾者对饮食依从性得分有影响(P<0.05);父母文化程度和家庭人均月收入对糖尿病知识的理解自评得分有影响(P<0.05)。结论青少年1型糖尿病患者在饮食依从性及糖尿病知识理解方面较差,影响其自我管理行为的因素较多,有必要采取相应的干预措施来改善其自我管理能力。

Objective To investigate the self-management capacity and its influencing factors of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM).Methods Forty-three adolescents with T1DM were investigated by general information questionnaire and diabetes self management scale.Results The scores on Control Problems,Attitude Toward Diabetes,Diet Adherence,Monitoring Barriers and Understanding Management Knowledge were(2.75±0.66),(4.11±0.55),(2.20±0.65),(2.04±0.69)and(2.99±0.95)respectively.Patients had higher self-management ability in disease control,attitude towards disease and impaired glucose monitoring,while low self-management ability in terms of dietary compliance and self understanding of diabetes knowledge.Family monthly income and treatment had an impact on the score of disease control(P<0.05);Parents'educational level,family per capita monthly income and treatment methods had an impact on the score of disease attitude(P<0.05);gender,parents'educational level,and the main caregivers had an impact on the diet compliance score(P<0.05);parents'educational level and family per capita income had an impact on the understanding of the knowledge of diabetes(P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with type 1 diabetes are poor in dietary compliance and understanding of diabetes knowledge.There are many factors affecting their self management behavior.It is necessary to take appropriate intervention measures to improve their self management ability.