布鲁氏菌胞内存活机制与巨噬细胞极化关系研究进展

Research Progress on the Relationship Between Intracellular Survival Mechanism of Brucellaand Macropohage Polarization

布鲁氏菌(Brucella)是一种兼性胞内寄生致病菌,虽无典型的毒力因子却有很强的致病力,且常导致慢性持续感染。布鲁氏菌病被列入世界上严重的人兽共患病之一,直接对畜牧业造成重大经济损失,严重威胁人类健康和公共卫生安全。布鲁氏菌感染的靶细胞主要是巨噬细胞,其发展了更高的策略逃逸宿主免疫细胞的杀伤,甚至在细胞内大量繁殖,削弱巨噬细胞的功能,使巨噬细胞的杀伤作用和抗原递呈功能部分丧失,从而能在宿主细胞内长期持续性感染。文章围绕布鲁氏菌胞内存活机制进行探讨,分析了不同极化类型的巨噬细胞在布鲁氏菌感染过程中的调控作用,以及相关炎症通路对机体炎症发展的作用;揭示了布鲁氏菌胞内生存不仅可适应持续感染期间不同的免疫微环境,也可适应感染期间靶细胞营养物质利用率的差异;证实了在慢性感染的过程中免疫逃避和与宿主细胞代谢的相互作用起关键作用;解释了NF-κB通路是调节M1/M2型巨噬细胞亚型平衡状态的关键因素。布鲁氏菌在宿主细胞中持续感染是国内外学者所面临的巨大难题,其免疫逃逸机制和致病机制仍需进一步研究。

Brucella is a facultative intracellular parasitic bacterium.It has strong pathogenicity and often causes chronic persistent infections,although there is no typical virulence factor.Brucellosis is listed as a serious zoonosis in the world and directly causes serious losses to the economic income of animal husbandry.It not only hinders social development,but also threatens human health and public health security.The target cells of Brucella is mainly macrophages,it develops a higher strategy to escape the immune cell killing by the immune system,even multiply within the cell and weakens the function of macrophages.The killing and antigen presenting functions of macrophages are partially lost,thereby establishing long-term persistent infection in host cells.This article focuses on the mechanism of Brucella cell viability,and analyzes the regulation of different polarization types of macrophages in the process of Brucella infection,and the role of related inflammatory pathways in the development of inflammation.Brucella intracellular survival not only accommodates the different immune microenvironments during persistent infection,but also accommodates the differences in nutrient availability of target cells during infection.It confirms the key role of immune evasion and interaction with host cell metabolism during chronic infection.It is also explained that NF-κB pathway is a key factor in regulating the balance status of M1/M2 subtype macrophages.In conclusion,the continuous infection of Brucella in host cells is a huge challenge for domestic and foreign scholars.The mechanism and pathogenesis of immune evasion in Brucella need to be studied more specifically.