司马迁的史家动机论

On Sima Qian's Historical Motivation Theory

创造了纪传体通史《史记》的司马迁,不仅其创作的动机是自觉自愿的,而且对史家动机作了精辟的论述。史家动机有秉承先父遗训与职业职责的"记存事实",有史学专业与历史发展所需要的"求知释疑",有人生使命与史学机遇的"取得成就",有回顾瞻望与建设文化的"文化自信",有人生欲望与历史平台的"借史抒怀",等等。司马迁将其史家动机论有机地融入到了《史记》的编纂之中,可以说,司马迁的人生当是史学人生。

Sima Qian,who created Historical Records which is the first general history in the form of biography,not only made the motive consciously and voluntarily,but also gave an insightful exposition of the historian’s motives.Historian motives include Recording Facts,which inherits teachings from the deceased father and professional duties,Seeking Knowledge,which depends on history major and historical development,Making an Achievement which is attributable to a mission of life and a historical opportunity,and Building Cultural Self-confidence,which establishes through the review and outlook and cultural construction,expressing emotion,which has desires for life and platform of history,and so on.Sima Qian has integrated his historical motivation theory into Historical Records,so it can be said that the life of Sima Qian is a historical life.