论司马迁对方士与医者不同叙事态度的起因

The Dispute for the Causes of Sima Qian's Different Narrative Attitude towards Alchemist and Doctor

《封禅书》与《扁鹊仓公列传》,一写方士,一写医者。两种职业实际是不同历史时期的祭祀参与者。而司马迁认为,方士是以欺诈手段获得祭祀参与权,医者则是在与巫分化的过程中,主动放弃了祭祀参与权。《史记》对方士与医者的叙事态度一贬一褒,与两种职业的不同行事作风有关。而根据不同的叙事态度,司马迁分别采用了荒诞化手法以及神秘、悬疑化手法,完成了对方士与医者的价值判断。

“Fengshan book”and“Bian Que Cang Gong biography”,two chapters present the alchemist and the doctor respectively.The two professions are actually the sacrificial participants in different historical periods.Sima Qian believes that the alchemist is to obtain the right to participate in the sacrificial rites by means of fraud,while the healer has voluntarily renounced right to participate in the process of differentiation with the witch.The narrative attitudes of the alchemist and the doctor in Historical Records are related to the different manners of the two professions.According to different narrative attitudes,Sima Qian used the absurd method and mysterious,suspenseful method,and completed the value judgment of the alchemist and the doctor.