反恐刑法立法:挑战与回应

Criminal Legislation on Anti-terrorism: Challenge and Response

我国的反恐刑法立法具有前置性、抽象性、复合性和片断性特点,分别对刑法谦抑主义、法律专属主义、犯罪的刑法治理模式以及司法判断方法提出了挑战。不应当以既有刑法理论对反恐刑法立法一味地进行批评,而应当依据反恐刑法立法的特点对既有刑法理论进行适当调整,使其为反恐刑法立法的正确适用提供理论支撑。为此,刑法谦抑主义应当从立法论回归解释,为出罪判断提供理论基础;法律专属主义应有例外,把地方性反恐法规作为恐怖主义犯罪司法判定的重要依据;犯罪的刑法治理模式应由封闭走向开放,实现刑法与行政法及地方立法之间的有效合作;同时,应当超越"在刑法规范与案件事实之间来回穿梭"的司法判断方法,建立"在法律规范与社会事实之间来回穿梭"的司法判断方法。

The criminal legislation on anti-terrorism in China has the characteristics of pre-intervene,abstractness,compounding and fragment,which puts forward challenges to modesty doctrine in criminal law,law exclusive doctrine,mode of governing crimes by criminal law and method of judicial judgment respectively.It is not necessary to criticize excessively the criminal legislation on cantter-terrorism with traditional theories about criminal law.The traditional theories about criminal law should be adjusted in accordance with the characteristics of criminal legislation on anti-terrorism to supply theoretical support for the correct application of criminal legislation on anti-terrorism.For this reason,doctrine of modesty in criminal law should return from legislation theory to interpretation theory,providing a theoretical basis for judging decriminalization.There should be an exception to law exclusive doctrine,and the local anti-terrorism laws should be taken as an important basis for judicial determination of terrorism crimes.The mode of governing crimes by criminal law should be opened from closed,so as to achieve effective cooperation between criminal law and administrative law,local legislations as well.At the same time,the judicial judgment method of"shuttling back and forth between criminal norms and case facts"should be transcended,and the judicial judgment method of"shuttling back and forth between the legal norms and social facts"should be established.