生物标志物在电离辐射中的应用与研究进展

Application and Research Progress of Biomarkers in Ionizing Radiation

电离辐射作为一种影响人类健康的致损或致癌物质,能够诱导多种生物学效应。目前,主要来源于环境、医疗和职业的辐射暴露,在各方面都造成了一系列的严重后果。然而,由于测量方法的缺乏,对高剂量或低剂量/剂量率造成的健康风险的评估仍然存在争议。因此,生物标志物,一种能够反映生物系统与环境因子之间相互联系的测量媒介,在评估辐射暴露造成的效应中具有重要意义。综述在分子或细胞水平上不同生物标志物与电离辐射相关作用的研究进展,并对生物标志物敏感性、特异性、重现性、生物学合理性和可行性等主要特性上进行归纳总结。

Ionizing radiation(IR),known as one kind of human health impairment or carcinogen,can induce a variety of biological effects.Throughout the ages,IR is everywhere in our living environment.Nowadays,the exposure to ionizing radiation mainly derives from environmental,medical and occupational aspect,which could lead to serious consequences in each way.Nevertheless,the magnitude of health risks at high or low doses/dose-rates still remains controversial due to a lack of measurement.Consequently,a biomarker defined as any measurement reflecting an interaction between a biological system and an environmental agent,will be significative in evaluating the impact of exposures.In this review,insights into the roles of different biomarkers correlated to IR are summarized at the molecular or cellular levels.We further focus on the judgment on biomarkers in some pivotal characteristics including susceptibility,specificity,reproducibility,biological plausibility and feasibility in the biological sample.