论张之洞《书目答问》的知识观和人才观

The Knowledge View and Talent View of Zhang Zhidong's Shu Mu Da Wen

通过分析著录、分类、小注等书目因素可知,《书目答问》在列举书目清单的同时,也提出了迎合洋务运动诉求的新型知识标准和人才标准。《书目答问》从"宜读古书"和"今胜于古"两个看似矛盾的维度,突出了"实学"知识的重要性,并提出了相应的人才观:恪守"中体"的同时,培养兼及中西二学之"用"的经世人才,从而也改变了"士志于道"而耻于技艺的传统人才定位。这一文化战略体现了张之洞对国家前途的选择,即在坚守古典的前提下,激活被经史子集体系所框定的可能义蕴及其细节,并适度引进西学之用,以期扭转乾坤,实现国家富强的宏愿。讨论《书目答问》的知识观和人才观,既能超越目录学学科视域揭示《书目答问》的学术价值,也为探勘洋务派的知识观和人才观提供了基于书目的观察视角。

Through analyzing bibliography factors such as description,classification,notes and so on,Shu Mu Da Wen lists bibliography and puts forward new knowledge and talent standards in order to meet the demands of Westernization Movement as well.Shu Mu Da Wen,from two seemingly contradictory dimensions“read ancient books”and“today is better than the ancient”,highlights the importance of“practical knowledge”,and puts forward the corresponding talent view:observing“Chinese Learning as the Fundamental Structure”,cultivating culture statecraft people that are good at Chinese and Western studies and also changing the traditional talent orientation that scholars aspire and show interest in Tao but shame on skill.This kind of cultural strategy choice reflects Zhang Zhidong’s choices of the future of the country,which are,under the premise of sticking to the classical,activating the possible meaning of the system and its details,and appropriating for the introduction of Western learning in order to achieve national prosperity ambition.Discussing the knowledge view and talent view of Shu Mu Da Wen,not only reveals the academic value of Shu Mu Da Wen beyond subject bibliography,but also provides bibliographic perspective based on mining Westernizationists knowledge view and talent view.