欧里庇得斯的“祭品”——《希珀吕托斯》中的爱欲与理性

Sacrifice from Euripides: Eros and Reason in Hippolytus

欧里庇得斯在《希珀吕托斯》中描述了希珀吕托斯与斐德拉的毁灭。前者因为拒斥情爱而遭到女神阿佛洛狄忒的致命报复;后者则因无法拒绝情爱的诱惑最终羞愧自尽。如此一来,欧里庇得斯对情爱的态度将成为我们理解全剧情节和寓意的枢纽。本文认为,欧里庇得斯塑造希珀吕托斯和斐德拉两个角色的意图在于呈现他关于两种不同爱欲的认识。悲剧诗人不满以人的自然情欲为基础而建立起来的古希腊家庭-城邦伦理观,试图以希珀吕托斯之死这一悲剧图景为其"理性主义"的新伦理观辩护。同时,诗人还以斐德拉道德形象的转变和崩塌为线索,力图证明情欲对德性和理智的戕害。《希珀吕托斯》一剧既有以充满哲学意味的论辩替代剧情悬念这一形式上的革新,又蕴含诗人对抗古代雅典传统城邦伦理的尝试。

Euripides depicts the destruction of Hippolytus and Phaedra in his Hippolytus.The prince,rejects to be ruled by erotic desire,dies in Aphorodite5 s revenge.The queen,who can not to reject the lure of erotic desire,commits suicide at the end of the play.It seems that the opinion on erotic desire of the author"would be a pivot for us to form our understandings of this tragedy.This paper argues that the intention of Euripides5 writing is to present a different view-of Eros and moral principles from the conventional.The poet intents to appeal the justify of a philosophical and ascetic life by restating the death of prince Hippolytus.He also attempts to reveal the nature of erotic desire"which helps bring misery to lovers of wdsdom.Euripides’Hippolytus,which shows his innovation of dramatic form,also implies the antagonism on traditional ethics of the poet.