城市高温灾害的规划应对研究进展

A Review on the Response of Urban Planning to High Temperature Calamity

随着全球气候不断升温,城市高温灾害越来越严重,严重影响城市人居环境。通过CNKI和Web of Science检索城市高温灾害相关文献,采用Meta-analysis方法和Cite Space工具,分析近年来城市规划应对高温灾害的研究进展。结果发现,城市高温灾害的规划应对研究起源于城市热岛方面,在气候变化方面得到发展,最后形成城市高温灾害的研究。在减缓性策略与适应性策略两大主题下,主要应对途径是土地利用、空间结构、道路交通、绿化景观以及建筑等,每种途径又分为多种具体策略。目前在规划体系、针对性规划以及效益评估等方面存在明显不足。在理论上应加强构建规划体系,以及效益评估系统的研究;在实践中制定应对高温灾害的规划编制标准,探索气候友好型城市规划设计方法,为韧性城市建设提供参考。

As the constant global warming,high temperature calamity in cities has affected human settlements and threatened human health.In order to summarize the research progress of how urban planning deals with the high temperature disasters,the paper searched related literatures based on China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science,and extracted by utilizing the method of Meta-analysis and the software of Citespace.The results show that urban high temperature disaster study originates from the urban heat island,and then developes in the aspect of climate change,and finally becomes a research on urban high temperature disasters.Under the two main themes of mitigation strategy and adaptive strategy,the main approaches in urban planning are land use,spatial structure,traffics,landscape and architecture,and each approach is divided into a number of strategies.There are obvious deficiencies in urban planning system,special planning and effectiveness evaluation.In theory,we should strengthen the construction of urban planning system and building evaluation systems.In practice,we should formulate the planning standards for dealing with high temperature disasters,and establish urban planning and design methods for climate-friendly cities,so as to provide references for the building of resilient cities.