林地适应性经营的成本效益分析--以筠连县春风村林下种植中草药为例

Cost-benefit Analysis of Forestland Adaptive Management under Climate Change: A Case Study of Under-Forest Chinese Herbal Medicine Planting in Chunfeng Village,Junlian County

对生态环境"先天不足"的石漠化地区,开展适应性的应对措施,显得尤为重要。以筠连县春风村林下种植中草药为例,采用成本效益分析法,比较适应性经营活动和原有经营模式(林下种植番薯)的经济和生态表现。研究发现:林下种植中草药的净现值远大于林下种植番薯;在长期水平上,林下种植中草药的内部收益率高达35%,且效益成本比高于林下种植番薯的净现值;项目区林下中草药种植土壤保持收益的总额为18 000元。此外,林下种植中草药能减少农药的使用,降低野生资源的生存压力,增加生物多样性;劳动密集型的中草药经营,能增加就业机会,对于改善弱势群体福利水平作用更大。但中草药建设及运营投入很大,项目的可持续性成长有赖于动态性的优化管理。类似适应性经营活动的开展,应采取农户参与式的项目设计方法,以充分考虑自然地理条件的适宜性、参与主体的支付能力以及市场的需求水平。

For the rocky desertification areawith“congenitally deficient”ecological environment,it is particularly important to carry outadaptive measures in response to theclimate change.This paper conducted a case study of the sealwort intercropping in plum(SIP)in Chunfeng village of China,and compared the performance of SIP with the previous management mode(sweet potatoes intercropping in plum,SPIP for short).The results showed that the net present value of SIP is much higher than that of SPIP.At the long-term level,the internal rate of return of SIP is as high as 35%,and the benefit-cost ratio is higher than that of SPIP.According to the calculation,the total amount of soil conservation value in the project area is 18,000 RMB.In addition,SIP can reduce the use of pesticides and the survival pressure on wild resources while preserving species biodiversity.SIP can also provide more employment opportunitiesand improve the welfare of the vulnerable groups.However,the construction and operation costs of SIP are relatively high,and a participatory design method was used to ensure a high participation rate.This article proposed that when designing similar projects,people should take into account natural and geographical suitability of site,participants’ability to pay,and market demand of products.