上海市流动老年人社会适应定性研究

A Qualitative Research on Social Adaptation of Elderly Migrants in Shanghai

目的了解上海市流动老年人社会适应情况。方法采用半结构式访谈对30名流动老人进行个别访谈,了解流动老年人的基本社会经济特征、生活质量、社会适应与支持状况及存在问题。结果流动老年人的总体经济状况一般,但大部分流动老年人表示与家乡相比,在上海的生活条件更好;由于方言等障碍,流动老年人日常交往对象主要是背景相似者,对于文化观念,部分流动老年人则以回避态度面对习俗观念的差异;流动老年人心理层面的融入较低,归属感较差。结论大部分流动老年人在生活、文化适应方面随着时间推移,逐渐从不适应到适应转变,但心理融入较差。建议构建关爱流动老年人和谐社区,关注流动老年人精神需求,建立同伴互助组织,帮助流动老年人适应新环境。

Objective To understand the social adaptation of elderly migrants in Shanghai.Methods A semi-structural survey was carried out in 30 elderly migrants to investigate the basic social and economic characteristics,life quality,and social adaptation of the elderly migrants.Results The majority of elderly migrants were in medium economic status,and most of them said that living conditions had been improved.They communicated with neighbors and made some friends in the community.Elderly migrants avoided the question about the differences in local cultures.They had low social integration of spirit and a weak sense of belonging.Conclusion Although the integration of spiritual dimension was poor,as time goes on,most of the elderly migrants gradually adapted to new life gradually.It is suggested to build harmonious and elderly friendly community,give more attention to the spiritual needs of elderly migrants,and establish mutual help organizations helping them integrate the community.