单向碳纤维复合材料锥管轴向吸能特性研究

Axial energy absorption characteristics of unidirectional carbon-fiber composite cone tubes

为了提升复合材料锥形圆管的吸能效力,使复合材料吸能构件在工程应用中达到最佳吸能效果。研究了复合材料锥形圆管的结构优化,探索了不同锥度(α)与层数(N)的比值(α/N)对比吸能(SEA)和初始峰值载荷(P_(initial))的影响;发现随着α/N值的增大,SEA和P_(initial)均减小;当α/N>0.54时,锥管在压溃过程中不再发生内外分层。根据优化结果试制复合材料锥管,试验结果表明:优化后的锥管,SEA从67.9 J/g增加到78.50 J/g,提高了15.6%;P_(initial)从52.3 kN减少到了25.2 kN,降低了51.8%;质量从55.3 g减少到了42.9 g,减轻了22.4%。

In order to improve energy absorption abilities of carbon-fiber composite cone tubes to make composite energy-absorbing components achieve the best effect of energy-absorbing in engineering applications,the structural optimization of composite cone tubes was investigated.The influences of ratio(α/N)of conical degree(α)to number of ply(N)on the specific energy absorption(SEA)and the initial peak impact load(P initial)were studied.It was shown that with increase inα/N,SEA and P initial are both reduced;whenα/N exceeds 0.54,the delamination no longer occurs in crushing process.Finally,a composite cone tube was manufactured according to the optimization results,the optimal results were validated with tests.Test results showed that after optimization,the tube’s SAE increases 15.6%(from 67.9 J/g to 78.50 J/g),its P initial decreases 51.8%(from 52.3 kN to 25.2 kN),its mass decreases 22.4%(from 55.3 g to 42.9 g).