玉米间套作模式对地表氮磷流失的影响与经济效益分析

Effects of different intercropping on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss from dry land and crop production efficiency

2015、2016年,采用田间小区试验,研究自然降雨条件下玉米单作、玉米间作芝麻、玉米间作花生、玉米间作大豆、玉米套种红薯对旱地地表氮磷养分流失的影响,并进行经济效益分析。结果表明:旱地玉米不同间(套)作模式对地表氮磷流失的拦截效应明显,氮磷流失以颗粒态为主,分别达77.21%~81.68%和63.68%~69.10%;与玉米单作相比,玉米间作大豆和玉米套种红薯对旱地氮磷径流流失的阻控效应更加明显,玉米间作大豆的径流总氮、颗粒态氮年均流失量分别减少了40.67%和39.15%,总磷和颗粒态磷年均流失量分别减少了38.94%和39.84%;玉米套作红薯模式的总氮和颗粒态氮年均流失量分别减少了38.07%和38.27%,总磷与颗粒态磷年均流失量分别减少了31.75%和28.09%;玉米套作红薯模式的生产效益最佳,其经济纯收入较玉米单作提高了98.07%。

In order to study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus runoff loss from dry land and crop economic benefit on different intercropping modes of maize monoculture,maize intercropping sesame,maize intercropping peanut,maize intercropping soybean and maize interplanting sweet potato.The experiment was carried out under the condition of natural rainfall in 2015 and 2016.The results showed that the maize and other crops intercropping had good interception effect on runoff loss from dry land,also particulate nitrogen and phosphorus were the main runoff forms,which account for 77.21%–81.68%and 63.68%–69.10%respectively.Among the four intercropping models,the maize intercropped with soybean and maize intercropped with sweet potato had a better effect.Comparing with the maize monoculture,the annual average runoff loss of total nitrogen and particulate nitrogen on maize intercropped with soybean reduced by 40.67%and 39.15%respectively,also the annual average runoff loss of the total phosphorus and the particulate phosphorus decreased by 38.94%and 39.84%respectively.Comparing with the maize monoculture,the total nitrogen and particulate nitrogen reduced by 38.07%and 38.27%respectively on maize intercropped with sweet potato,also the total phosphorus and the particulate phosphorus reduced by 31.75%and 28.09%respectively.The economic benefit of maize/sweet potato intercropping was the highest,which increased by 98.07%than maize monoculture.