渍涝胁迫后喷施植物生长调节剂对花生生长及产量品质的影响

Effects of spraying plant growth regulators on peanut growth and yield & quality under waterlogging stress

以花生耐渍品种湘花2008与敏感品种中花4号为试材,在营养生长末期,模拟其遭受渍涝胁迫后叶面分别喷施赤霉素(100、150、200、250、300 mg/L)、乙烯利(100、200、300、400、500 mg/L)和多效唑(200、400、600、800、1 000 mg/L),以喷施清水为对照,研究3种植物生长调节剂对花生干物质积累、产量以及品质的影响。结果表明:花生渍涝后,叶面喷施赤霉素和乙烯利,可促进地上部、地下部的生长,而多效唑则抑制地上部生长;湘花2008荚果产量以150 mg/L赤霉素处理最高,比对照增产24.9%;中花4号荚果产量以100 mg/L赤霉素处理最高,比对照增产45.3%;喷施赤霉素可增加湘花2008的油分含量,降低蛋白含量,提高油亚比,而对中花4号的作用刚好相反;喷施乙烯利能降低中花4号的油亚比;喷施多效唑可增加湘花2008的油分含量,降低蛋白质含量。

In order to decrease the loss of peanut caused by waterlogging disasters,the waterlogging–tolerant cultivar Xianghua 2008 and waterlogging–sensitive cultivar Zhonghua 4 were used as the experimental materials to investigate the effect of plant growth regulator on the accumulation of dry matter,yield and quality of peanut.The process of waterlogging stress was simulated in the middle vegetative growth stage(south rainy reason),and peanuts were sprayed with three kinds of plant growth regulator–GA3(Gibberellic),ETH(ethephon)and PP333(Paclobutrazol).The results indicated that:(1)The roots growth of waterlogging–tolerant varieties was increased by three plant growth regulator treatment under waterlogging condition.The aboveground and underground growth was promoted under GA3 and ETH treatment.The plant height and branch length were inhibited under PP333 treatment.(2)The pod yields of waterlogging–tolerant varieties were increased by–1.7%–24.9%under different content of regulators treatment.Whereas the yield of waterlogging–sensitive cultivar was increased by 4.7%–45.3%under the treatment.The GA3 treatment had the best effect on the yield of two peanut cultivars,followed by ethephon,PP333.(3)GA3 treatment increased oil content,decreased protein content,improved the O/L ratio for resistant cultivar;while reduced oil content,increased protein content,reduced O/L ratio for sensitive cultivar.ETH especially high concentration decreased oil content as well as protein content for two cultivars.PP333 increased oil content,decreased protein content and O/L ratio for resistant cultivar,while had lower effects on quality indexes for sensitive cultivar.Therefore,peanut cultivars with different waterlogging tolerance character should take corresponding chemical control measures after the disaster.