长期有机无机肥配施对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响

Effect of long–term organic and inorganic fertilizer combined application on yield and nitrogen use efficiency in double rice

采用田间小区试验,在长期定位试验基地进行不施氮肥(CK)、单施化肥(T1)、猪粪替代20%氮肥(T2)、沼渣沼液替代20%氮肥(T3)、猪粪堆肥替代20%氮肥(T4)、早稻绿肥或晚稻稻草替代20%氮肥(T5)6种不同施肥方式试验,研究不同施肥方式对双季稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:长期有机无机肥配施能显著提高水稻穗粒数和有效穗数,增产效果明显,其中以T4增产效果最好,早、晚稻产量分别比单施化肥增产9.05%和13.56%;长期有机无机肥配施能促进营养器官中的氮素营养向籽粒转运和再利用,减少氮素营养在营养器官中的累积,从而提高氮肥利用率,其中以T4早、晚稻的氮肥农学利用率(16.59、16.23 kg/kg)、氮肥吸收利用率(38.96%、37.71%)、氮肥偏生产力(55.44、51.16 kg/kg)以及晚稻氮肥生理利用率(43.02 kg/kg)最高。长期有机无机肥配施能显著提高双季稻产量和氮肥利用率,在4种有机无机肥配施模式中,T4的效果最好。

To understand the effect of six common available combined fertilizers on the yield and nitrogen(N)use efficiency in double–rice,we carried out a field analysis in a long–term experiment base.The six fertilizers contained the organic and/or inorganic components:one with no N fertilizer(regarded as control,CK),urea fertilizer with no organic fertilizer(T1),20%N fertilizer with pig manure(T2),20%N fertilizer with biogas residue and slurry(T3),20%N fertilizer with pig manure compost(T4),20%total N fertilizer with green manure by early rice or straw in late rice(T5).The results showed,organic and inorganic fertilizers combined application had significantly improvement in rice grain yield,grains number and effective panicle number when compared to CK.And,compared to urea fertilizer treatment,grain yield of T4 treatment increased by 9.05%in early rice and 13.56%in late rice respectively,which is the best among all treatments with the highest N agronomic efficiency(16.59,16.23 kg/kg),N uptake efficiency(38.96%,37.71%),N partial productivity(55.44,51.16 kg/kg)in early and late rice,and physiological efficiency(43.02 kg/kg)in late rice.This study revealed long–term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can improve double–rice yield and N use efficiency,in particular,the 20%N fertilizer with pig manure compost has the best performance.