冬小麦倒伏的影响因素——基于曲周县农户调查和试验数据分析

Influencing Factors of Winter Wheat Lodging Based on the Survey of Farmers and Experiment Data in Quzhou County

采用农户调查和定点试验的方式,对2017年曲周县冬小麦大面积倒伏进行了调查,分析了冬小麦倒伏的影响因素及其对产量的影响。结果表明:对农户调查的37块小麦田,有83.8%出现了不同程度的倒伏,平均倒伏率为51.1%;冬小麦播种量、灌溉次数、施氮量和茎基部第二节间长度均与倒伏率呈显著的正相关;鲁原502的茎基部第二节间长度和倒伏率均显著低于河农827,抗倒性优于河农827。定点试验中,双高处理和精准处理的倒伏率显著低于农户常规管理(CK);灌浆期发生倒伏显著降低了冬小麦的千粒重,倒伏率越大,减产越严重。因此,生产上可通过种植抗倒品种、降低播种量、减少灌溉次数、采用高产高效技术和氮素精准管理等措施,提高冬小麦的抗倒伏能力。

The investigation of large-area lodging of winter wheat in Quzhou County in 2017 was carried out by combination with survey of farmers and the fixed-point experiments,and the influencing factors of winter wheat lodging and the effect of lodging on yield were analyzed.The results showed that 83.8%of the 37 wheat farm fields surveyed appeared different degrees of lodging and the average lodging rate was 51.1%.There was a significant positive correlation between sowing amount,irrigation times,nitrogen rate,the second base internode length and lodging rate.The second base internode length and lodging rate of Luyuan 502 were significantly lower than those of Henong 827,and the lodging resistance was better than that of Henong 827.In fixed-point experiment,the lodging rates of double height treatment and precision treatment were significantly lower than those of peasant households treatment(CK).The lodging significantly reduced the 1 000-grain weight of winter wheat and had no effect on the number of spike and the number of grains per spike in filling stage.The higher the lodging rate,the more serious the reduction of yield.Therefore,to improve winter lodging resistance in production,we should choose the varieties with lodging resistance,reduce sowing amount,reduce irrigation times,control the nitrogen rate,use the high-yielding and high effective technology and nitrogen precision management and so on.