英国天然气产业政策及启示——基于机制分析视角

UK natural gas industry policy and its implicationsfrom the perspective of mechanism analysis

英国是世界上较早进行天然气产业结构重组和监管改革的国家。经过多年持续改革,英国天然气产业在开放天然气管网、促进公平竞争、改进监管以遏制垄断等方面积累了一定经验。通过对英国天然气产业改革过程中实现市场放开的关键机制及监管机制的分析,认为英国的网络分级管理制度、"购票-委托"制度、行业编码制度、第三方中介方案等制度设计可以为中国新一轮石油天然气改革破解油气管网运营难题、实现公平竞争、遏制垄断等提供参考。

The gas industry reform of structure and regulatory in British is earlier than most countries.After decades of reform,UK natural gas industry has accumulated some experience and lessons in opening up the natural gas pipeline network,promoting fair competition,reforming and curbing monopoly.China is also facing these problems in the new^round of oil and gas reform.This paper analyses the key mechanism in UK gas industry reform and the management measures in order to push competition after the reform.In order to promote competition,different regulatory mechanisms are introduced in the three aspects of network operation,disciplining the behavior of firms and protecting the interests of users.The research result shows that the network management system of Britain,the‘ticket to ride’principle and the Third Party Intermediaries Programme can provide reference for the reform of natural gas industry in China.